Gn1a,OsCKX2

2015-01-20 | Categories genes  | Tags cytokinin  phytohormone  spikelet  shoot  salt  branching  reproductive  breeding  grain  drought  meristem  salt tolerance  grain yield  panicle  transcription factor  grain number  yield  inflorescence  stem  growth  tiller  tiller number  grain weight  salinity  stress  salinity stress  grain size  cell division  plant growth  cell wall  biomass  biomass production  leaf  tolerance  phosphate  phosphorus  Pi  pi  Pi uptake  pi 

• Information
  • Symbol: Gn1a,OsCKX2
  • MSU: LOC_Os01g10110
  • RAPdb: Os01g0197700
• Publication
  • A loss-of-function mutation of rice DENSE PANICLE 1 causes semi-dwarfness and slightly increased number of spikelets, 2011, Breeding Science.
  • Mutations in the F-box gene LARGER PANICLE improve the panicle architecture and enhance the grain yield in rice, 2011, Plant Biotechnol J.
  • Rice zinc finger protein DST enhances grain production through controlling Gn1a/OsCKX2 expression, 2013, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
  • Cytokinin oxidase regulates rice grain production, 2005, Science.
  • Down-Regulation of Cytokinin Oxidase 2 Expression Increases Tiller Number and Improves Rice Yield., 2015, Rice (N Y).
  • Artificial Selection of Gn1a Plays an Important role in Improving Rice Yields Across Different Ecological Regions., 2015, Rice (N Y).
  • TKnockdown of an inflorescence meristem-specific cytokinin oxidase - OsCKX2 in rice reduces yield penalty under salinity stress condition., 2017, Plant Cell Environ.
  • Updating the elite rice variety Kongyu 131 by improving the Gn1a locus., 2017, Rice (N Y).
  • Dissecting the genetic basis of heavy panicle hybrid rice uncovered Gn1a and GS3 as key genes., 2018, Theor Appl Genet.
  • Phenotypic, Transcriptomic, and Metabolomic Signatures of Root-Specifically Overexpressed OsCKX2 in Rice, 2020, Front Plant Sci.
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum-Localized PURINE PERMEASE1 Regulates Plant Height and Grain Weight by Modulating Cytokinin Distribution in Rice, 2020, Front Plant Sci.
  • Loss of Gn1a/OsCKX2 confers heavy-panicle rice with excellent lodging resistance., 2021, J Integr Plant Biol.
  • OsCKX2 regulates phosphate deficiency tolerance by modulating cytokinin in rice., 2022, Plant Sci.
• Genbank accession number
  • AB205193
• Key message
  • We here show that a QTL that increases grain productivity in rice, Gn1a, is a gene for cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (OsCKX2), an enzyme that degrades the phytohormone cytokinin
  • Quantitative real-time PCR results show that OsCKX2, which encodes cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase, is down-regulated evidently in mutants, implying that LP might be involved in modulating cytokinin level in plant tissues
  • The expression level of OsCKX2 in the shoot apex of Dn1-1 plants is similar to that in the wild type, indicating that OsCKX2 does not contribute to an increased number of spikelets
  • Here, we report that the zinc finger transcription factor DROUGHT AND SALT TOLERANCE (DST) directly regulates OsCKX2 expression in the reproductive meristem
  • We identify that DST(reg1), a semidominant allele of the DST gene, perturbs DST-directed regulation of OsCKX2 expression and elevates CK levels in the reproductive SAM, leading to increased meristem activity, enhanced panicle branching, and a consequent increase of grain number
  • Reduced expression of OsCKX2 causes cytokinin accumulation in inflorescence meristems and increases the number of reproductive organs, resulting in enhanced grain yield
  • ) Gn1a/OsCKX2 (Grain number 1a/Cytokinin oxidase 2) gene, which encodes a cytokinin oxidase, has been identified as a major quantitative trait locus contributing to grain number improvement in rice breeding practice
  • Importantly, the DST(reg1) allele provides an approach to pyramid the Gn1a-dependent and Gn1a-independent effects on grain production
  • Rice zinc finger protein DST enhances grain production through controlling Gn1a/OsCKX2 expression
  • DST-directed expression of OsCKX2 regulates CK accumulation in the SAM and, therefore, controls the number of the reproductive organs
  • Southern blot analysis confirmed the integration of the shRNA genes into the rice genome, and quantitative real time RT-PCR and northern blot analyses showed reduced OsCKX2 expression in the young stem of transgenic rice at varying degrees
  • Consistently, insertional activation of OsCKX2 led to increased expression of CKX2 and reduced tiller number and growth in a gene-dosage dependant manner
  • Taken together, these results demonstrate that specific suppression of OsCKX2 expression through shRNA-mediated gene silencing leads to enhanced growth and productivity in rice by increasing tiller number and grain weight
  • Gn1a (OsCKX2), which encodes cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase, plays an important role in regulating rice grain yield
  • It might be valuable to explore the high-yield-related alleles of Gn1a to develop high-yield rice cultivars in future breeding programs
  • Importantly, we found a negative-correlation between OsCKX2 expression and plant productivity as evident by assessment of agronomical parameters such as panicle branching, filled grains per plant, and harvest index both under control and salinity stress conditions
  • We utilized an RNAi-based approach to study the function of OsCKX2 in maintaining grain yield under salinity stress condition
  • To determine if there exists, a correlation between OsCKX2 levels and yield under salinity stress condition, we assessed the growth, physiology and grain yield of OsCKX2-knockdown plants vis-à-vis the wild-type
  • TKnockdown of an inflorescence meristem-specific cytokinin oxidase - OsCKX2 in rice reduces yield penalty under salinity stress condition.
  • Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of the BC3F2 population showed that the introgressed segment carrying the Gn1a allele of GKBR significantly increased the branch number and grain number per panicle
  • To achieve the high yield potential of Kongyu 131, a minute chromosome fragment carrying the favorable Gn1a allele from the donor parent was introgressed into the genome of Kongyu 131, which resulted in a larger panicle and subsequent yield increase in the new Kongyu 131
  • Dissecting the genetic basis of heavy panicle hybrid rice uncovered Gn1a and GS3 as key genes.
  • Shuhui498 (R498) is an elite parent of heavy panicle hybrid rice by pyramiding the rare gn1a and null gs3 alleles
  • The null gn1a allele is the determinant factor for heavy panicles through increased grain number, while gs3 is associated with grain size and weight
  • In this study, OsCKX2 was specifically overexpressed in roots using RCc3 promoter to investigate the effects of root-source cytokinins on the growth of rice
  • OsCKX2 overexpressed (OE) rice showed retarded growth with lower cytokinin levels and biomass production
  • To conclude, reduced cytokinin levels via root-specific overexpression of OsCKX2 resulted in developmental defects, which confirmed the importance of root-source cytokinins in plant growth and morphogenesis
  • OsCKX2 irreversibly degrades nucleobase cytokinins by encoding cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase to control grain production in rice
  • Shoot-specific transcriptome analysis between OsCKX2 OE rice and wild type (WT) revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with cell division, cell wall structure, phytohormone signaling, and assimilation and catabolism
  • Further analysis indicated more robust tolerance of OsCKX2 KO plants to Pi deficiency, which exhibited higher phosphorus concentration, larger shoot biomass, and lesser leaf yellowing under Pi deficiency; whereas the opposite was observed for OsCKX2 OE plants
  • These results indicated that OsCKX2 impacted Pi uptake, recycling, and plant growth via Pi transporters, phospholipid hydrolysis, and glycolysis under Pi deficiency
  • OsCKX2 regulates phosphate deficiency tolerance by modulating cytokinin in rice.
  • Overall, OsCKX2 negatively regulated Pi deficiency tolerance by modulating CTKs in rice
  • The present study analyzed the phenotypic and physiological characteristics of OsCKX2 overexpressing (OE) and knockout (KO) rice plants after exposure to phosphate (Pi) deficiency and the transcriptome and metabolome to investigate the function of OsCKX2 in response to Pi deficiency
  • OsCKX2 KO plants demonstrated higher endogenous CTK levels than wild-type (WT) under Pi deficiency
  • Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that overexpression of OsCKX2 downregulated the transcriptional levels of genes related to Pi transporters, membrane lipid metabolism, and glycolysis, and reduced the consumption of metabolites in membrane lipid metabolism and glycolysis
  • On the contrary, knockout of OsCKX2 upregulated the expression of Pi transporters, and increased the consumption of metabolites in membrane lipid metabolism and glycolysis
• Connection
  • DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, Gn1a~OsCKX2, A loss-of-function mutation of rice DENSE PANICLE 1 causes semi-dwarfness and slightly increased number of spikelets, The expression level of OsCKX2 in the shoot apex of Dn1-1 plants is similar to that in the wild type, indicating that OsCKX2 does not contribute to an increased number of spikelets
  • EP3~LP, Gn1a~OsCKX2, Mutations in the F-box gene LARGER PANICLE improve the panicle architecture and enhance the grain yield in rice, Quantitative real-time PCR results show that OsCKX2, which encodes cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase, is down-regulated evidently in mutants, implying that LP might be involved in modulating cytokinin level in plant tissues
  • DST~WL1~HST1, Gn1a~OsCKX2, Rice zinc finger protein DST enhances grain production through controlling Gn1a/OsCKX2 expression, Here, we report that the zinc finger transcription factor DROUGHT AND SALT TOLERANCE (DST) directly regulates OsCKX2 expression in the reproductive meristem
  • DST~WL1~HST1, Gn1a~OsCKX2, Rice zinc finger protein DST enhances grain production through controlling Gn1a/OsCKX2 expression, DST-directed expression of OsCKX2 regulates CK accumulation in the SAM and, therefore, controls the number of the reproductive organs
  • DST~WL1~HST1, Gn1a~OsCKX2, Rice zinc finger protein DST enhances grain production through controlling Gn1a/OsCKX2 expression, We identify that DST(reg1), a semidominant allele of the DST gene, perturbs DST-directed regulation of OsCKX2 expression and elevates CK levels in the reproductive SAM, leading to increased meristem activity, enhanced panicle branching, and a consequent increase of grain number
  • DST~WL1~HST1, Gn1a~OsCKX2, Rice zinc finger protein DST enhances grain production through controlling Gn1a/OsCKX2 expression, Importantly, the DST(reg1) allele provides an approach to pyramid the Gn1a-dependent and Gn1a-independent effects on grain production
  • DST~WL1~HST1, Gn1a~OsCKX2, Rice zinc finger protein DST enhances grain production through controlling Gn1a/OsCKX2 expression, Rice zinc finger protein DST enhances grain production through controlling Gn1a/OsCKX2 expression
  • Gn1a~OsCKX2, GS3, Dissecting the genetic basis of heavy panicle hybrid rice uncovered Gn1a and GS3 as key genes., Dissecting the genetic basis of heavy panicle hybrid rice uncovered Gn1a and GS3 as key genes.
  • Gn1a~OsCKX2, GS3, Dissecting the genetic basis of heavy panicle hybrid rice uncovered Gn1a and GS3 as key genes., Shuhui498 (R498) is an elite parent of heavy panicle hybrid rice by pyramiding the rare gn1a and null gs3 alleles
  • Gn1a~OsCKX2, GS3, Dissecting the genetic basis of heavy panicle hybrid rice uncovered Gn1a and GS3 as key genes., Here, we report that the combination of loss-of-function mutations in Grain number 1a (Gn1a) and Grain Size 3 (GS3) is responsible for the heavy panicle phenotype of the elite hybrid rice restorer line Shuhui498 (R498)
  • Gn1a~OsCKX2, GS3, Dissecting the genetic basis of heavy panicle hybrid rice uncovered Gn1a and GS3 as key genes., The null gn1a allele is the determinant factor for heavy panicles through increased grain number, while gs3 is associated with grain size and weight
  • Gn1a~OsCKX2, OsVIL2, Chromatin interacting factor OsVIL2 increases biomass and rice grain yield., Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that, among the downregulated genes, OsVIL2 was directly associated with chromatins in the promoter region of CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE2 (OsCKX2), a gene responsible for cytokinin degradation
  • Gn1a~OsCKX2, OsVIL2, Chromatin interacting factor OsVIL2 increases biomass and rice grain yield., We conclude that OsVIL2 improves the production of biomass and grain by suppressing OsCKX2 chromatin
  • Gn1a~OsCKX2, OsAFB6~OsAFB5, Overexpression of an auxin receptor OsAFB6 significantly enhanced grain yield by increasing cytokinin and decreasing auxin concentrations in rice panicle., Overexpression of OsAFB6 delayed heading, increased cytokinin (CK) by suppressing the expression level of Gn1a and simultaneously decreased the IAA concentration in the young panicle, which promoted inflorescence meristem development and resulted in large panicles with more spikelets per panicle, primary branches and increased grain yield
  • Gn1a~OsCKX2, ONAC096, Mutation of ONAC096 Enhances Grain Yield by Increasing Panicle Number and Delaying Leaf Senescence during Grain Filling in Rice., Repressed OsCKX2 (encoding cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase) expression in the onac096 mutants led to a 15% increase in panicle number without affecting grain weight or fertility
  • Gn1a~OsCKX2, OsER1, ERECTA1 Acts Upstream of the OsMKKK10-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 Cascade to Control Spikelet Number by Regulating Cytokinin Metabolism in Rice , Furthermore, overexpression of either DST or OsCKX2 rescued the spikelet number phenotype of the oser1, osmkkk10, osmkk4, and osmpk6 mutants, suggesting that the DST-OsCKX2 module genetically functions downstream of the OsER1-OsMKKK10-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 pathway
  • Gn1a~OsCKX2, YDA1~SMG2~OsMKKK10, ERECTA1 Acts Upstream of the OsMKKK10-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 Cascade to Control Spikelet Number by Regulating Cytokinin Metabolism in Rice , Furthermore, overexpression of either DST or OsCKX2 rescued the spikelet number phenotype of the oser1, osmkkk10, osmkk4, and osmpk6 mutants, suggesting that the DST-OsCKX2 module genetically functions downstream of the OsER1-OsMKKK10-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 pathway
  • Gn1a~OsCKX2, OsMKK4~LARGE11, ERECTA1 Acts Upstream of the OsMKKK10-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 Cascade to Control Spikelet Number by Regulating Cytokinin Metabolism in Rice , Furthermore, overexpression of either DST or OsCKX2 rescued the spikelet number phenotype of the oser1, osmkkk10, osmkk4, and osmpk6 mutants, suggesting that the DST-OsCKX2 module genetically functions downstream of the OsER1-OsMKKK10-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 pathway
  • Gn1a~OsCKX2, OsMPK6~OsMPK4, ERECTA1 Acts Upstream of the OsMKKK10-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 Cascade to Control Spikelet Number by Regulating Cytokinin Metabolism in Rice , OsMPK6 directly interacts with and phosphorylates the zinc finger transcription factor DST to enhance its transcriptional activation of CYTOKININ OXIDASE2 (OsCKX2), indicating that the OsER1-OsMKKK10-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 pathway shapes panicle morphology by regulating cytokinin metabolism
  • Gn1a~OsCKX2, OsMPK6~OsMPK4, ERECTA1 Acts Upstream of the OsMKKK10-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 Cascade to Control Spikelet Number by Regulating Cytokinin Metabolism in Rice , Furthermore, overexpression of either DST or OsCKX2 rescued the spikelet number phenotype of the oser1, osmkkk10, osmkk4, and osmpk6 mutants, suggesting that the DST-OsCKX2 module genetically functions downstream of the OsER1-OsMKKK10-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 pathway
  • Gn1a~OsCKX2, RCc3, Phenotypic, Transcriptomic, and Metabolomic Signatures of Root-Specifically Overexpressed OsCKX2 in Rice, In this study, OsCKX2 was specifically overexpressed in roots using RCc3 promoter to investigate the effects of root-source cytokinins on the growth of rice
  • Gn1a~OsCKX2, OsMED25, Mediator complex subunit MED25 physically interacts with DST to regulate spikelet number in rice., Further biochemical analysis showed that OsMED25 physically interacts with DST at the promoter region of OsCKX2, and then recruits RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to activate OsCKX2 transcription
  • DST~WL1~HST1, Gn1a~OsCKX2, Mediator complex subunit MED25 physically interacts with DST to regulate spikelet number in rice., In rice, the zinc finger transcription factor DROUGHT AND SALT TOLERANCE (DST) controls grain number by directly regulating cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 2 (OsCKX2) expression
  • DST~WL1~HST1, Gn1a~OsCKX2, Mediator complex subunit MED25 physically interacts with DST to regulate spikelet number in rice., Although specific upstream regulators of the DST-OsCKX2 module have been identified, the mechanism employed by DST to regulate the expression of OsCKX2 remains unclear
  • DST~WL1~HST1, Gn1a~OsCKX2, Mediator complex subunit MED25 physically interacts with DST to regulate spikelet number in rice., Further biochemical analysis showed that OsMED25 physically interacts with DST at the promoter region of OsCKX2, and then recruits RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to activate OsCKX2 transcription

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