GLN1;2,GS1;2,OsGS1;2

2015-01-20 | Categories genes  | Tags grain  nitrogen  growth  seed  root  grain filling  spikelet  leaf  tiller  strigolactone  tiller number  lignin  development  photosynthesis  homeostasis  sugar 

• Information
  • Symbol: GLN1;2,GS1;2,OsGS1;2
  • MSU: LOC_Os03g12290
  • RAPdb: Os03g0223400
• Publication
  • The rice R2R3-MYB transcription factor OsMYB55 is involved in the tolerance to high temperature and modulates amino acid metabolism, 2012, PLoS One.
  • Influence of different nitrogen inputs on the members of ammonium transporter and glutamine synthetase genes in two rice genotypes having differential responsiveness to nitrogen, 2012, Mol Biol Rep.
  • Biochemical background and compartmentalized functions of cytosolic glutamine synthetase for active ammonium assimilation in rice roots, 2004, Plant Cell Physiol.
  • Severe reduction in growth rate and grain filling of rice mutants lacking OsGS1;1, a cytosolic glutamine synthetase1;1, 2005, Plant J.
  • Metabolomics data reveal a crucial role of cytosolic glutamine synthetase 1;1 in coordinating metabolic balance in rice, 2011, Plant J.
  • Assimilation of ammonium ions and reutilization of nitrogen in rice Oryza sativa L., 2007, J Exp Bot.
  • Comparison of ion balance and nitrogen metabolism in old and young leaves of alkali-stressed rice plants, 2012, PLoS One.
  • Lack of cytosolic glutamine synthetase1;2 in vascular tissues of axillary buds causes severe reduction in their outgrowth and disorder of metabolic balance in rice seedlings., 2014, Plant J.
  • Cytosolic GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE 1;1 modulates metabolism and chloroplast development in roots., 2020, Plant Physiol.
• Genbank accession number
  • AB180688
• Key message
  • The results indicate that GS1;1 is important for normal growth and grain filling in rice; GS1;2 and GS1;3 were not able to compensate for GS1;1 function
  • In both the genotypes, both increase and decline in seed protein contents matched with the expressions levels of OsAMT1;1, OsGS1;1 and OsGS1;2 in the flag leaves during grain filling stage indicating that high nitrogen nutrition in KN3119 probably causes the repression of these genes which might be important during grain filling
  • By contrast, OsGLN1;2 was abundantly expressed in the same cell layers under nitrogen-sufficient conditions, replenishing the loss of OsGLN1;1 following ammonium treatment
  • OsGS1;1 was expressed in all organs tested with higher expression in leaf blades, while OsGS1;2, and OsGS1;3 were expressed mainly in roots and spikelets, respectively
  • Among the three isoenzymes of the cytosolic GS1 gene family in rice, OsGLN1;1 and OsGLN1;2 were abundantly expressed in roots
  • Low-affinity forms of GS1 comparable to those in Arabidopsis (GLN1;2 and GLN1;3) were absent in rice roots
  • The OsGLN1;1 and OsGLN1;2 transcripts showed reciprocal responses to ammonium supply in the surface cell layers of roots
  • The high-capacity Gln synthetic activities of OsGLN1;1 and OsGLN1;2 facilitate active ammonium assimilation in specific cell types in rice roots
  • Although a small gene family for both GS and GOGAT is present in rice, ammonium-dependent and cell type-specific expression suggest that cytosolic GS1;2 and plastidic NADH-GOGAT1 are responsible for the primary assimilation of ammonium ions in the roots
  • Although a high content of strigolactone in rice roots is known to reduce active tiller number, the reduction of outgrowth of axillary buds observed in the GS1;2 mutants was independent of the level of strigolactone
  • Transcriptomic analysis using a 5 mm basal region of rice shoots showed that the GS1;2 mutants accumulated reduced amounts of mRNAs for carbon and nitrogen metabolism, including C1 unit transfer in lignin synthesis
  • The lack of GS1;2 resulted in reduced accumulation of lignin
  • Thus metabolic disorder caused by the lack of GS1;2 resulted in a severe reduction in the outgrowth of axillary buds and lignin deposition
  • Thus, organic N assimilated by OsGS1;1 affects a broad range of metabolites and transcripts involved in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and plastid development in rice roots, whereas OsGS1;2 has a more specific role, affecting mainly amino acid homeostasis but not C metabolism
  • We observed (i) abnormal sugar and organic N accumulation and (ii) significant upregulation of genes associated with photosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthesis in the roots of Osgs1;1 but not Osgs1;2 knockout mutants
• Connection
  • GAD3, GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, The rice R2R3-MYB transcription factor OsMYB55 is involved in the tolerance to high temperature and modulates amino acid metabolism, We demonstrate that OsMYB55 binds to the promoter regions of target genes and directly activates expression of some of those genes including glutamine synthetase (OsGS1;2) glutamine amidotransferase (GAT1) and glutamate decarboxylase 3 (GAD3)
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OsMYB55~OsPL, The rice R2R3-MYB transcription factor OsMYB55 is involved in the tolerance to high temperature and modulates amino acid metabolism, We demonstrate that OsMYB55 binds to the promoter regions of target genes and directly activates expression of some of those genes including glutamine synthetase (OsGS1;2) glutamine amidotransferase (GAT1) and glutamate decarboxylase 3 (GAD3)
  • GAT1, GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, The rice R2R3-MYB transcription factor OsMYB55 is involved in the tolerance to high temperature and modulates amino acid metabolism, We demonstrate that OsMYB55 binds to the promoter regions of target genes and directly activates expression of some of those genes including glutamine synthetase (OsGS1;2) glutamine amidotransferase (GAT1) and glutamate decarboxylase 3 (GAD3)
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OsGS~OsGS1~GS1~OsGS1;1~OsGLN1;1, Influence of different nitrogen inputs on the members of ammonium transporter and glutamine synthetase genes in two rice genotypes having differential responsiveness to nitrogen, In both the genotypes, both increase and decline in seed protein contents matched with the expressions levels of OsAMT1;1, OsGS1;1 and OsGS1;2 in the flag leaves during grain filling stage indicating that high nitrogen nutrition in KN3119 probably causes the repression of these genes which might be important during grain filling
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OsAMT1;1~OsAMT1.1, Influence of different nitrogen inputs on the members of ammonium transporter and glutamine synthetase genes in two rice genotypes having differential responsiveness to nitrogen, In both the genotypes, both increase and decline in seed protein contents matched with the expressions levels of OsAMT1;1, OsGS1;1 and OsGS1;2 in the flag leaves during grain filling stage indicating that high nitrogen nutrition in KN3119 probably causes the repression of these genes which might be important during grain filling
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OsGS~OsGS1~GS1~OsGS1;1~OsGLN1;1, Biochemical background and compartmentalized functions of cytosolic glutamine synthetase for active ammonium assimilation in rice roots, Among the three isoenzymes of the cytosolic GS1 gene family in rice, OsGLN1;1 and OsGLN1;2 were abundantly expressed in roots
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OsGS~OsGS1~GS1~OsGS1;1~OsGLN1;1, Biochemical background and compartmentalized functions of cytosolic glutamine synthetase for active ammonium assimilation in rice roots, Analysis of the purified enzymes showed that OsGLN1;1 and OsGLN1;2 can be classified into high-affinity subtypes with relatively high V(max) values, as compared with the major high-affinity isoenzyme, GLN1;1, in Arabidopsis
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OsGS~OsGS1~GS1~OsGS1;1~OsGLN1;1, Biochemical background and compartmentalized functions of cytosolic glutamine synthetase for active ammonium assimilation in rice roots, Low-affinity forms of GS1 comparable to those in Arabidopsis (GLN1;2 and GLN1;3) were absent in rice roots
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OsGS~OsGS1~GS1~OsGS1;1~OsGLN1;1, Biochemical background and compartmentalized functions of cytosolic glutamine synthetase for active ammonium assimilation in rice roots, The OsGLN1;1 and OsGLN1;2 transcripts showed reciprocal responses to ammonium supply in the surface cell layers of roots
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OsGS~OsGS1~GS1~OsGS1;1~OsGLN1;1, Biochemical background and compartmentalized functions of cytosolic glutamine synthetase for active ammonium assimilation in rice roots, By contrast, OsGLN1;2 was abundantly expressed in the same cell layers under nitrogen-sufficient conditions, replenishing the loss of OsGLN1;1 following ammonium treatment
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OsGS~OsGS1~GS1~OsGS1;1~OsGLN1;1, Biochemical background and compartmentalized functions of cytosolic glutamine synthetase for active ammonium assimilation in rice roots, Within the central cylinder of elongating zone, OsGLN1;1 and OsGLN1;2 were both induced by ammonium, which was distinguishable from the response observed in the surface cell layers
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OsGS~OsGS1~GS1~OsGS1;1~OsGLN1;1, Biochemical background and compartmentalized functions of cytosolic glutamine synthetase for active ammonium assimilation in rice roots, The high-capacity Gln synthetic activities of OsGLN1;1 and OsGLN1;2 facilitate active ammonium assimilation in specific cell types in rice roots
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OsGS1;3~OsGLN1;3, Biochemical background and compartmentalized functions of cytosolic glutamine synthetase for active ammonium assimilation in rice roots, Low-affinity forms of GS1 comparable to those in Arabidopsis (GLN1;2 and GLN1;3) were absent in rice roots
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OsGS~OsGS1~GS1~OsGS1;1~OsGLN1;1, Severe reduction in growth rate and grain filling of rice mutants lacking OsGS1;1, a cytosolic glutamine synthetase1;1, OsGS1;1 was expressed in all organs tested with higher expression in leaf blades, while OsGS1;2, and OsGS1;3 were expressed mainly in roots and spikelets, respectively
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OsGS~OsGS1~GS1~OsGS1;1~OsGLN1;1, Severe reduction in growth rate and grain filling of rice mutants lacking OsGS1;1, a cytosolic glutamine synthetase1;1, The results indicate that GS1;1 is important for normal growth and grain filling in rice; GS1;2 and GS1;3 were not able to compensate for GS1;1 function
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OsGS1;3~OsGLN1;3, Severe reduction in growth rate and grain filling of rice mutants lacking OsGS1;1, a cytosolic glutamine synthetase1;1, OsGS1;1 was expressed in all organs tested with higher expression in leaf blades, while OsGS1;2, and OsGS1;3 were expressed mainly in roots and spikelets, respectively
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OsGS1;3~OsGLN1;3, Severe reduction in growth rate and grain filling of rice mutants lacking OsGS1;1, a cytosolic glutamine synthetase1;1, The results indicate that GS1;1 is important for normal growth and grain filling in rice; GS1;2 and GS1;3 were not able to compensate for GS1;1 function
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OscFBP2, Reduction in sucrose contents by downregulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 causes tiller outgrowth cessation in rice mutants lacking glutamine synthetase1;2., In the basal portions of the shoots, the lack of GS1;2 caused low expression of cytosolic fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase2 (OscFBP2), which is a key cytosolic sucrose synthesis enzyme; it is especially important in the phloem companion cells of the nodal vascular anastomoses
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OscFBP2, Reduction in sucrose contents by downregulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 causes tiller outgrowth cessation in rice mutants lacking glutamine synthetase1;2., NH4+ supply upregulated OscFBP2 expression in the shoot basal portions of the wild type but not in those of the gs1;2 mutants
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OscFBP2, Reduction in sucrose contents by downregulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 2 causes tiller outgrowth cessation in rice mutants lacking glutamine synthetase1;2., Our results indicated that sucrose reduction was caused by the downregulation of OscFBP2 expression in the basal portions of the gs1;2 mutant shoots
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OsGS~OsGS1~GS1~OsGS1;1~OsGLN1;1, Cytosolic GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE 1;1 modulates metabolism and chloroplast development in roots., ) cytosolic GSs, namely OsGS1;1 and OsGS1;2, on central metabolism in roots using reverse genetics, metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling, and network analyses
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OsGS~OsGS1~GS1~OsGS1;1~OsGLN1;1, Cytosolic GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE 1;1 modulates metabolism and chloroplast development in roots., We observed (i) abnormal sugar and organic N accumulation and (ii) significant upregulation of genes associated with photosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthesis in the roots of Osgs1;1 but not Osgs1;2 knockout mutants
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OsGS~OsGS1~GS1~OsGS1;1~OsGLN1;1, Cytosolic GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE 1;1 modulates metabolism and chloroplast development in roots., Microscopic analysis revealed mature chloroplast development in Osgs1;1 roots but not in the roots of Osgs1;2, Osgs1;2-complemented lines, or the wildtype
  • GLN1;2~GS1;2~OsGS1;2, OsGS~OsGS1~GS1~OsGS1;1~OsGLN1;1, Cytosolic GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE 1;1 modulates metabolism and chloroplast development in roots., Thus, organic N assimilated by OsGS1;1 affects a broad range of metabolites and transcripts involved in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and plastid development in rice roots, whereas OsGS1;2 has a more specific role, affecting mainly amino acid homeostasis but not C metabolism

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