GSK2,OsGSK2,OsSK22

2015-01-20 | Categories genes  | Tags BR  BR signaling  domestication  brassinosteroid  Brassinosteroid  Kinase  Brassinosteroid Signaling  strigolactone  defense  kinase  resistant  BR  Ubiquitin  grain  grain size  architecture  plant architecture 

• Information
  • Symbol: GSK2,OsGSK2,OsSK22
  • MSU: LOC_Os05g11730
  • RAPdb: Os05g0207500
• Publication
  • DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING acts as a direct downstream target of a GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase to mediate brassinosteroid responses in rice, 2012, Plant Cell.
  • Natural selection of a GSK3 determines rice mesocotyl domestication by coordinating strigolactone and brassinosteroid signaling., 2018, Nat Commun.
  • OsBZR1 turnover mediated by OsSK22-regulated U-box E3 ligase OsPUB24 in rice BR response., 2019, Plant J.
  • Rice stripe virus suppresses jasmonic acid-mediated resistance by hijacking brassinosteroid signaling pathway in rice, 2020, PLoS Pathog.
  • OrMKK3 Influences Morphology and Grain Size in Rice, 2021, J Plant Biol.
  • The Histone Deacetylase 1/ GSK3/SHAGGY-Like Kinase 2/ BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 Module Controls Lateral Root Formation in Rice., 2022, Plant Physiol.
  • The U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 promotes brassinosteroid-induced GSK2 degradation in rice., 2022, Plant Commun.
  • BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE1-1, a positive regulator of brassinosteroid signalling, modulates plant architecture and grain size in rice., 2022, J Exp Bot.
• Genbank accession number
  • AK102147
• Key message
  • Overexpression of GSK2 (Go) led to plants with typical BR loss-of-function phenotypes, and suppression of GSK2 resulted in enhanced BR signaling phenotypes
  • Suppression of DLT can enhance the phenotypes of BR receptor mutant d61-1, and overexpression of DLT obviously suppressed the BR loss-of-function phenotypes of both d61-1 and Go, suggesting that DLT functions downstream of GSK2 to modulate BR responses
  • These results demonstrate that DLT is a GSK2 substrate, further reinforcing that the BIN2/GSK2 kinase has multiple substrates that carry out various BR responses
  • Together, these results suggest that OsGSK2 is selected to regulate mesocotyl length by coordinating strigolactone and brassinosteroid signaling during domestication
  • Variations in the coding region of OsGSK2 alter its kinase activity
  • In addition, the stability of OsPUB24 was downregulated by BL and bikinin, an inhibitor of OsSK22 (Oryza sativa Shaggy/GSK3-like kinase 22)
  • OsGSK2 physically interacts with OsMYC2, resulting in the degradation of OsMYC2 by phosphorylation and reduces JA-mediated defense to facilitate virus infection
  • Brassinosteroid treatment increased the LR number, as did mutation of GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase 2 (OsGSK2), whereas overexpression of OsGSK2 decreased the LR number
  • OsGSK2 deacetylation attenuated the interaction between OsGSK2 and BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (OsBZR1), leading to accumulation of OsBZR1
  • In addition, inhibition of BR synthesis promotes GSK2 accumulation and suppresses TUD1 stability
  • Furthermore, the GSK2 degradation process is largely impaired in tud1 in response to BR
  • In conclusion, our study demonstrates the role of TUD1 in BR-induced GSK2 degradation, thereby advancing our understanding of a critical step in the BR signaling pathway of rice
  • The U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 promotes brassinosteroid-induced GSK2 degradation in rice.
  • Together, our results suggest that OsBSK1-1 may serve as a scaffold protein directly bridging OsBRI1 and OsGSK2 to positively regulate BR signalling, thus affecting plant architecture and grain size in rice
• Connection
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING acts as a direct downstream target of a GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase to mediate brassinosteroid responses in rice, Suppression of DLT can enhance the phenotypes of BR receptor mutant d61-1, and overexpression of DLT obviously suppressed the BR loss-of-function phenotypes of both d61-1 and Go, suggesting that DLT functions downstream of GSK2 to modulate BR responses
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING acts as a direct downstream target of a GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase to mediate brassinosteroid responses in rice, Indeed, GSK2 can interact with DLT and phosphorylate DLT
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING acts as a direct downstream target of a GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase to mediate brassinosteroid responses in rice, In GSK2 transgenic plants, the DLT phosphorylation level is dictated by the GSK2 level
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING acts as a direct downstream target of a GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase to mediate brassinosteroid responses in rice, These results demonstrate that DLT is a GSK2 substrate, further reinforcing that the BIN2/GSK2 kinase has multiple substrates that carry out various BR responses
  • GS2~OsGRF4~GL2~GLW2~LGS1, GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, Control of grain size and rice yield by GL2-mediated brassinosteroid responses, Furthermore, we found that GSK2, the central negative regulator of rice brassinosteroid signalling, directly interacts with OsGRF4 and inhibits its transcription activation activity to mediate the specific regulation of grain length by the hormone.
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, GW5~qSW5, GW5 acts in the brassinosteroid signalling pathway to regulate grain width and weight in rice., GW5 protein is localized to the plasma membrane and can physically interact with and repress the kinase activity of rice GSK2 (glycogen synthase kinase 2), a homologue of Arabidopsis BIN2 (BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2) kinase, resulting in accumulation of unphosphorylated OsBZR1 (Oryza sativa BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1) and DLT (DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING) proteins in the nucleus to mediate brassinosteroid (BR)-responsive gene expression and growth responses (including grain width and weight)
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OFP1, Brassinosteroids Regulate OFP1, a DLT Interacting Protein, to Modulate Plant Architecture and Grain Morphology in Rice., Furthermore, we revealed that OFP1 directly interacts with GSK2 kinase, and inhibition of the kinase activity significantly promotes OFP1 protein accumulation in plant
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OsGAMYBL2, A brassinosteroid responsive miRNA-target module regulates gibberellin biosynthesis and plant development., Furthermore, OsGSK2, a key negative player in BR signaling, interacts with OsGAMYBL2 and prevents it from being degraded under 24-epibrassinolide treatment, whereas SLR1, a rice DELLA protein negatively regulating GA signaling, interacts with OsGAMYBL2 and prevents OsGAMYBL2 from binding to the target gene promoter
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OsBZR1~BZR1, OsBZR1 turnover mediated by OsSK22-regulated U-box E3 ligase OsPUB24 in rice BR response., Our findings suggest that OsPUB24 participates in OsBZR1 turnover and the regulatory networks of OsPUB24, OsSK22, and OsBZR1 are crucial for fine-tuning the BR response in rice
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OFP3, GSK2 Stabilizes OFP3 to Suppress Brassinosteroid Responses in Rice., GSK2 Stabilizes OFP3 to Suppress Brassinosteroid Responses in Rice.
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OFP3, GSK2 Stabilizes OFP3 to Suppress Brassinosteroid Responses in Rice., Here, we identified OFP3 (OVATE FAMILY PROTEIN 3) as an interactor of both GSK2 and DLT by yeast two-hybrid screening and demonstrated that OFP3 plays a distinctly negative role in BR responses
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OFP3, GSK2 Stabilizes OFP3 to Suppress Brassinosteroid Responses in Rice., Moreover, treatment with either BR or bikinin, a GSK3-like kinase inhibitor, induced OFP3 depletion, whereas GSK2 or brassinazole, a BR synthesis inhibitor, promoted OFP3 accumulation
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OFP3, GSK2 Stabilizes OFP3 to Suppress Brassinosteroid Responses in Rice., Importantly, GSK2 can phosphorylate OFP3 and enhance these interactions
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OFP3, GSK2 Stabilizes OFP3 to Suppress Brassinosteroid Responses in Rice., We propose that OFP3, as a suppressor of both BR synthesis and signaling but stabilized by GSK2, incorporates into a transcription factor complex to facilitate BR signaling control, which is critical for the proper development of various tissues
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, LARGE1~OML4, Control of Grain Size and Weight by the GSK2-LARGE1/OML4 Pathway in Rice., Here we report that the MEI2-LIKE PROTEIN 4 (OML4) encoded by the LARGE1 gene is phosphorylated by the GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 2 (GSK2) and negatively controls grain size and weight in rice
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OsMYC2, Rice stripe virus suppresses jasmonic acid-mediated resistance by hijacking brassinosteroid signaling pathway in rice, OsGSK2 physically interacts with OsMYC2, resulting in the degradation of OsMYC2 by phosphorylation and reduces JA-mediated defense to facilitate virus infection
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OsHDAC1, The Histone Deacetylase 1/ GSK3/SHAGGY-Like Kinase 2/ BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 Module Controls Lateral Root Formation in Rice., Importantly, OsHDAC1 could directly interact with and deacetylate OsGSK2, inhibiting its activity
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OsHDAC1, The Histone Deacetylase 1/ GSK3/SHAGGY-Like Kinase 2/ BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 Module Controls Lateral Root Formation in Rice., Taken together, the results indicate that OsHDAC1 regulates LR formation in rice by deactivating OsGSK2, thereby preventing degradation of OsBZR1, a positive regulator of LR primordia formation
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OsBZR1~BZR1, The Histone Deacetylase 1/ GSK3/SHAGGY-Like Kinase 2/ BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 Module Controls Lateral Root Formation in Rice., OsGSK2 deacetylation attenuated the interaction between OsGSK2 and BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (OsBZR1), leading to accumulation of OsBZR1
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OsBZR1~BZR1, The Histone Deacetylase 1/ GSK3/SHAGGY-Like Kinase 2/ BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 Module Controls Lateral Root Formation in Rice., Taken together, the results indicate that OsHDAC1 regulates LR formation in rice by deactivating OsGSK2, thereby preventing degradation of OsBZR1, a positive regulator of LR primordia formation
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OsNAC016, OsNAC016 regulates plant architecture and drought tolerance by interacting with the kinases GSK2 and SAPK8., OsNAC016 regulates plant architecture and drought tolerance by interacting with the kinases GSK2 and SAPK8.
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OsNAC016, OsNAC016 regulates plant architecture and drought tolerance by interacting with the kinases GSK2 and SAPK8., Moreover, OsNAC016 interacted with and was phosphorylated by GSK3/SHAGGY-LIKE KINASE2 (GSK2), a negative regulator in the BR pathway
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OsNAC016, OsNAC016 regulates plant architecture and drought tolerance by interacting with the kinases GSK2 and SAPK8., Our findings establish that OsNAC016 is positively involved in BR-regulated rice architecture, negatively modulates ABA-mediated drought tolerance, and is regulated by GSK2, SAPK8, and OsPUB43 through post-translational modification
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, TAC4~SG2~OsBC17, Ribonuclease H-like gene Small Grain2 regulates grain size in rice through brassinosteroids signal pathway., SG2 is a positive regulator downstream of GSK2 in response to BR signaling, and its mutation causes insensitivity to exogenous BR treatment
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, TAC4~SG2~OsBC17, Ribonuclease H-like gene Small Grain2 regulates grain size in rice through brassinosteroids signal pathway., Genetical and biochemical analysis showed that GSK2 interacts with and phosphorylates SG2
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, TAC4~SG2~OsBC17, Ribonuclease H-like gene Small Grain2 regulates grain size in rice through brassinosteroids signal pathway., We further found that BRs enhance the accumulation of SG2 in the nucleus, and subcellular distribution of SG2 is regulated by GSK2 kinase activity
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OsCPL3, OsCPL3 is involved in brassinosteroid signaling by regulating OsGSK2 stability., OsCPL3 is involved in brassinosteroid signaling by regulating OsGSK2 stability.
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OsCPL3, OsCPL3 is involved in brassinosteroid signaling by regulating OsGSK2 stability., Here, we demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that C-TERMINAL DOMAIN PHOSPHATASE-LIKE 3 (OsCPL3), a member of the RNA Pol II CTD phosphatase-like family, physically interacts with OsGSK2 in rice (Oryza sativa)
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OsCPL3, OsCPL3 is involved in brassinosteroid signaling by regulating OsGSK2 stability., OsCPL3 localized to the nucleus, where it dephosphorylated OsGSK2 at the Ser-222 and Thr-284 residues to modulate its protein turnover and kinase activity, in turn affecting the degradation of BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) and BR signaling
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OsCPL3, OsCPL3 is involved in brassinosteroid signaling by regulating OsGSK2 stability., Loss of OsCPL3 function resulted in higher OsGSK2 abundance and lower OsBZR1 levels, leading to decreased BR responsiveness and alterations in plant morphology including semi-dwarfism, leaf erectness and grain size, which are of fundamental importance to crop productivity
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, TUD1~DSG1~ELF1, The U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 promotes brassinosteroid-induced GSK2 degradation in rice., The U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 promotes brassinosteroid-induced GSK2 degradation in rice.
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, TUD1~DSG1~ELF1, The U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 promotes brassinosteroid-induced GSK2 degradation in rice., We show that TUD1 is able to directly interact with GSK2 and ubiquitinate the protein
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, TUD1~DSG1~ELF1, The U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 promotes brassinosteroid-induced GSK2 degradation in rice., Phenotypes of the tud1 mutant are highly similar to those of plants with constitutively activated GSK2
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, TUD1~DSG1~ELF1, The U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 promotes brassinosteroid-induced GSK2 degradation in rice., Consistent with this finding, GSK2 protein accumulates in the tud1 mutant compared with the wild type
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, TUD1~DSG1~ELF1, The U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 promotes brassinosteroid-induced GSK2 degradation in rice., In addition, inhibition of BR synthesis promotes GSK2 accumulation and suppresses TUD1 stability
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, TUD1~DSG1~ELF1, The U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 promotes brassinosteroid-induced GSK2 degradation in rice., By contrast, BRs can induce GSK2 degradation but promote TUD1 accumulation
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, TUD1~DSG1~ELF1, The U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 promotes brassinosteroid-induced GSK2 degradation in rice., Furthermore, the GSK2 degradation process is largely impaired in tud1 in response to BR
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, TUD1~DSG1~ELF1, The U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 promotes brassinosteroid-induced GSK2 degradation in rice., In conclusion, our study demonstrates the role of TUD1 in BR-induced GSK2 degradation, thereby advancing our understanding of a critical step in the BR signaling pathway of rice
  • D61~OsBRI1~OsBRKq1~HFR131, GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE1-1, a positive regulator of brassinosteroid signalling, modulates plant architecture and grain size in rice., We found that OsBSK1-1 physically interacts with the BR receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (OsBRI1), and GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE2 (OsGSK2), a downstream component crucial for BR signalling
  • D61~OsBRI1~OsBRKq1~HFR131, GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE1-1, a positive regulator of brassinosteroid signalling, modulates plant architecture and grain size in rice., We further demonstrated that OsBSK1-1 genetically acts downstream of OsBRI1, but upstream of OsGSK2
  • D61~OsBRI1~OsBRKq1~HFR131, GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE1-1, a positive regulator of brassinosteroid signalling, modulates plant architecture and grain size in rice., Together, our results suggest that OsBSK1-1 may serve as a scaffold protein directly bridging OsBRI1 and OsGSK2 to positively regulate BR signalling, thus affecting plant architecture and grain size in rice
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OsBSK1-1, BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE1-1, a positive regulator of brassinosteroid signalling, modulates plant architecture and grain size in rice., We found that OsBSK1-1 physically interacts with the BR receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (OsBRI1), and GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE2 (OsGSK2), a downstream component crucial for BR signalling
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OsBSK1-1, BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE1-1, a positive regulator of brassinosteroid signalling, modulates plant architecture and grain size in rice., We further demonstrated that OsBSK1-1 genetically acts downstream of OsBRI1, but upstream of OsGSK2
  • GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, OsBSK1-1, BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE1-1, a positive regulator of brassinosteroid signalling, modulates plant architecture and grain size in rice., Together, our results suggest that OsBSK1-1 may serve as a scaffold protein directly bridging OsBRI1 and OsGSK2 to positively regulate BR signalling, thus affecting plant architecture and grain size in rice

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