DLT,OsGRAS-32,D62,GS6,SMOS2

2015-01-20 | Categories genes  | Tags BR signaling  BR  domestication  dwarf  tillering  lamina  grain size  gibberellin  ga  panicle  tiller  brassinosteroid  grain width  endosperm  stem  grain  yield  root  seedlings  BR  internode elongation  Brassinosteroid  Brassinosteroid Signaling 

• Information
  • Symbol: DLT,OsGRAS-32,D62,GS6,SMOS2
  • MSU: LOC_Os06g03710
  • RAPdb: Os06g0127800
• Publication
  • Identification and characterization of dwarf 62, a loss-of-function mutation in DLT/OsGRAS-32 affecting gibberellin metabolism in rice, 2010, Planta.
  • DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING acts as a direct downstream target of a GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase to mediate brassinosteroid responses in rice, 2012, Plant Cell.
  • DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING, a new member of the GRAS family, plays positive roles in brassinosteroid signaling in rice, 2009, The Plant Journal.
  • GS6, a member of the GRAS gene family, negatively regulates grain size in rice, 2013, J Integr Plant Biol.
  • OrMKK3 Influences Morphology and Grain Size in Rice, 2021, J Plant Biol.
  • Rice DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING and the homeodomain protein OSH15 interact to regulate internode elongation via orchestrating brassinosteroid signaling and metabolism., 2021, Plant Cell.
  • Wide Grain 3, a GRAS Protein, Interacts with DLT to Regulate Grain Size and Brassinosteroid Signaling in Rice., 2022, Rice (N Y).
• Genbank accession number
  • AK106449
• Key message
  • Briefly, these results demonstrated that the D62 (DLT/OsGRAS-32) not only participated in the regulation of BR signaling, but also influenced GA metabolism in rice
  • In addition, a ggc repeat region identified in the region that encodes the GRAS domain of GS6 played an important historic role in the domestication of grain size in rice
  • DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING (DLT) is a positive regulator that mediates several BR responses in rice
  • Here, we characterized a rice dwarf and low-tillering (dlt) mutant and cloned the corresponding gene via map-based cloning
  • In addition, both lamina bending and coleoptile elongation assays show that dlt is insensitive or much less responsive to brassinolide (BL), the most active BR, suggesting that DLT is involved in BR signaling
  • Here, we report the identification and cloning of Grain Size 6 (GS6), which plays an important role in reducing grain size in rice
  • GS6, a member of the GRAS gene family, negatively regulates grain size in rice
  • The expression levels of gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic genes including OsCPS1, OsKS1, OsKO1, OsKAO, OsGA20ox2/SD1 and OsGA2ox3 were significantly increased in d62 mutant
  • RT-PCR analysis and promoter activity analysis showed that the D62 gene expressed in all tested tissues including roots, stems, leaves and panicles of rice plant
  • Suppression of DLT can enhance the phenotypes of BR receptor mutant d61-1, and overexpression of DLT obviously suppressed the BR loss-of-function phenotypes of both d61-1 and Go, suggesting that DLT functions downstream of GSK2 to modulate BR responses
  • These results demonstrate that DLT is a GSK2 substrate, further reinforcing that the BIN2/GSK2 kinase has multiple substrates that carry out various BR responses
  • A dwarf mutant, dwarf 62 (d62), was isolated from rice cultivar 93-11 by mutagenesis with gamma-rays
  • Consistent with this conclusion, the accumulation of transcripts of BR biosynthesis genes in the dlt mutant indicated that DLT is involved in feedback inhibition of BR biosynthesis genes
  • Finally, consistent with the fact that DLT is also negatively feedback-regulated by BR treatment, a gel mobility shift assay showed that OsBZR1 can bind to the DLT promoter through the BR-response element
  • In previous studies, the DLT/OsGRAS-32 is confirmed to play positive roles in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling
  • Identification and characterization of dwarf 62, a loss-of-function mutation in DLT/OsGRAS-32 affecting gibberellin metabolism in rice
  • A premature stop at the +348 position in the coding sequence (CDS) of GS6 increased grain width and weight significantly
  • The d62 mutant exhibited decreased activity of alpha-amylase in endosperm and reduced content of endogenous GA(1)
  • The dwarf phenotype of dlt is similar to BR-deficient or signaling mutants in rice
  • Knowledge of the function of GS6 might aid efforts to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that control grain development and evolution in rice plants, and could facilitate the genetic improvement of rice yield
  • DLT physically interacts with OSH15 to co-regulate many genes in seedlings and internodes
  • OSH15 targets and promotes the expression of the BR receptor gene BR INSENSITIVE1 (OsBRI1), and DLT facilitates this regulation in a dosage-dependent manner
  • Taken together, our results suggest that DLT interacts with OSH15, which functions in the lower internodes, to modulate rice internode elongation via orchestrating BR signaling and metabolism
  • Wide Grain 3, a GRAS Protein, Interacts with DLT to Regulate Grain Size and Brassinosteroid Signaling in Rice.
  • Moreover, we found that WG3 directly interacts with DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING (DLT), a previously reported GRAS protein, and a genetic experiment demonstrated that WG3 and DLT function in a common pathway to regulate grain size
• Connection
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, OsKOS4~OsKO1, Identification and characterization of dwarf 62, a loss-of-function mutation in DLT/OsGRAS-32 affecting gibberellin metabolism in rice, The expression levels of gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic genes including OsCPS1, OsKS1, OsKO1, OsKAO, OsGA20ox2/SD1 and OsGA2ox3 were significantly increased in d62 mutant
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, OsKS1, Identification and characterization of dwarf 62, a loss-of-function mutation in DLT/OsGRAS-32 affecting gibberellin metabolism in rice, The expression levels of gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic genes including OsCPS1, OsKS1, OsKO1, OsKAO, OsGA20ox2/SD1 and OsGA2ox3 were significantly increased in d62 mutant
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, sd1~GA20ox2, Identification and characterization of dwarf 62, a loss-of-function mutation in DLT/OsGRAS-32 affecting gibberellin metabolism in rice, The expression levels of gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic genes including OsCPS1, OsKS1, OsKO1, OsKAO, OsGA20ox2/SD1 and OsGA2ox3 were significantly increased in d62 mutant
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, OsCPS~OsCPS1, Identification and characterization of dwarf 62, a loss-of-function mutation in DLT/OsGRAS-32 affecting gibberellin metabolism in rice, The expression levels of gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic genes including OsCPS1, OsKS1, OsKO1, OsKAO, OsGA20ox2/SD1 and OsGA2ox3 were significantly increased in d62 mutant
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING acts as a direct downstream target of a GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase to mediate brassinosteroid responses in rice, Suppression of DLT can enhance the phenotypes of BR receptor mutant d61-1, and overexpression of DLT obviously suppressed the BR loss-of-function phenotypes of both d61-1 and Go, suggesting that DLT functions downstream of GSK2 to modulate BR responses
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING acts as a direct downstream target of a GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase to mediate brassinosteroid responses in rice, Indeed, GSK2 can interact with DLT and phosphorylate DLT
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING acts as a direct downstream target of a GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase to mediate brassinosteroid responses in rice, In GSK2 transgenic plants, the DLT phosphorylation level is dictated by the GSK2 level
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, GSK2~OsGSK2~OsSK22, DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING acts as a direct downstream target of a GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase to mediate brassinosteroid responses in rice, These results demonstrate that DLT is a GSK2 substrate, further reinforcing that the BIN2/GSK2 kinase has multiple substrates that carry out various BR responses
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, OsBZR1~BZR1, DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING, a new member of the GRAS family, plays positive roles in brassinosteroid signaling in rice, Finally, consistent with the fact that DLT is also negatively feedback-regulated by BR treatment, a gel mobility shift assay showed that OsBZR1 can bind to the DLT promoter through the BR-response element
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, GW5~qSW5, GW5 acts in the brassinosteroid signalling pathway to regulate grain width and weight in rice., GW5 protein is localized to the plasma membrane and can physically interact with and repress the kinase activity of rice GSK2 (glycogen synthase kinase 2), a homologue of Arabidopsis BIN2 (BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2) kinase, resulting in accumulation of unphosphorylated OsBZR1 (Oryza sativa BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1) and DLT (DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING) proteins in the nucleus to mediate brassinosteroid (BR)-responsive gene expression and growth responses (including grain width and weight)
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, OFP1, Brassinosteroids Regulate OFP1, a DLT Interacting Protein, to Modulate Plant Architecture and Grain Morphology in Rice., Brassinosteroids Regulate OFP1, a DLT Interacting Protein, to Modulate Plant Architecture and Grain Morphology in Rice.
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, OFP1, Brassinosteroids Regulate OFP1, a DLT Interacting Protein, to Modulate Plant Architecture and Grain Morphology in Rice., Here, we identified Ovate Family Protein 1 (OFP1) as a DLT interacting protein
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, OFP1, Brassinosteroids Regulate OFP1, a DLT Interacting Protein, to Modulate Plant Architecture and Grain Morphology in Rice., Overexpression of OFP1 led to enlarged leaf angles, reduced plant height, and altered grain shape, largely resembled DLT overexpression plants
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, OFP1, Brassinosteroids Regulate OFP1, a DLT Interacting Protein, to Modulate Plant Architecture and Grain Morphology in Rice., Genetic analysis showed that the regulation of plant architecture by OFP1 depends on DLT function
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, OsOFP19, OsOFP19 modulates plant architecture by integrating cell division pattern and brassinosteroid signaling., Here, we report that OsOFP19 negatively modulates brassinosteroid (BR) response and integrates it with cell division pattern to affect plant architecture, including grain shape, through interaction with both DLT (DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING) and OSH1 (Oryza sativa homeobox1)
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, OsOFP19, OsOFP19 modulates plant architecture by integrating cell division pattern and brassinosteroid signaling., Furthermore, DLT interacts with both OsOFP19 and OSH1 and acts as an antagonist in the two interactions
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, OsOFP19, OsOFP19 modulates plant architecture by integrating cell division pattern and brassinosteroid signaling., Therefore, OsOFP19, OSH1, and DLT form a functional complex which plays a pivotal role in modulating BR signaling and determining the cell division pattern during plant growth and development
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, OFP3, GSK2 Stabilizes OFP3 to Suppress Brassinosteroid Responses in Rice., Here, we identified OFP3 (OVATE FAMILY PROTEIN 3) as an interactor of both GSK2 and DLT by yeast two-hybrid screening and demonstrated that OFP3 plays a distinctly negative role in BR responses
  • D6~OSH15~Oskn3~RLB, DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, Rice DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING and the homeodomain protein OSH15 interact to regulate internode elongation via orchestrating brassinosteroid signaling and metabolism., DLT physically interacts with OSH15 to co-regulate many genes in seedlings and internodes
  • D6~OSH15~Oskn3~RLB, DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, Rice DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING and the homeodomain protein OSH15 interact to regulate internode elongation via orchestrating brassinosteroid signaling and metabolism., OSH15 targets and promotes the expression of the BR receptor gene BR INSENSITIVE1 (OsBRI1), and DLT facilitates this regulation in a dosage-dependent manner
  • D6~OSH15~Oskn3~RLB, DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, Rice DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING and the homeodomain protein OSH15 interact to regulate internode elongation via orchestrating brassinosteroid signaling and metabolism., In osh15, dlt, and osh15 dlt, BR levels are higher in seedlings and panicles, but unexpectedly lower in internodes compared with the wild-type
  • D6~OSH15~Oskn3~RLB, DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, Rice DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING and the homeodomain protein OSH15 interact to regulate internode elongation via orchestrating brassinosteroid signaling and metabolism., Taken together, our results suggest that DLT interacts with OSH15, which functions in the lower internodes, to modulate rice internode elongation via orchestrating BR signaling and metabolism
  • D61~OsBRI1~OsBRKq1~HFR131, DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, Rice DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING and the homeodomain protein OSH15 interact to regulate internode elongation via orchestrating brassinosteroid signaling and metabolism., OSH15 targets and promotes the expression of the BR receptor gene BR INSENSITIVE1 (OsBRI1), and DLT facilitates this regulation in a dosage-dependent manner
  • DLT~OsGRAS-32~D62~GS6~SMOS2, OsGRAS19~OsSCL7~WG3, Wide Grain 3, a GRAS Protein, Interacts with DLT to Regulate Grain Size and Brassinosteroid Signaling in Rice., Moreover, we found that WG3 directly interacts with DWARF AND LOW-TILLERING (DLT), a previously reported GRAS protein, and a genetic experiment demonstrated that WG3 and DLT function in a common pathway to regulate grain size

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