GE,CYP78A13

• Symbol: GE,CYP78A13
• MSU: LOC_Os07g41240
• RAPdb: Os07g0603700

• GIANT EMBRYO encodes CYP78A13, required for proper size balance between embryo and endosperm in rice, 2013, Plant J.
• Control of rice embryo development, shoot apical meristem maintenance, and grain yield by a novel cytochrome p450, 2013, Mol Plant.
• Variations in CYP78A13 coding region influence grain size and yield in rice., 2014, Plant Cell Environ.

Genbank accession number

• Overexpression of GE promoted cell proliferation and enhanced rice plant growth and grain yield, but reduced embryo size, suggesting that GE is critical for coordinating rice embryo and endosperm development
• The function of GE in each tissue is distinct, controlling cell size in the embryo and cell death in the endosperm
• Post-embryonic growth of ge seedling was severely inhibited due to defective shoot apical meristem (SAM) maintenance
• GE, which encodes CYP78A13, is predominantly expressed in the interfacing tissues of the both embryo and endosperm
• In contrast to the loss-of-function mutant with large embryo and small endosperm, GE overexpression causes a small embryo and enlarged endosperm
• A complementation analysis coupled with heterofertilization showed that complementation of ge mutation in either embryo or endosperm failed to restore the wild-type embryo/endosperm ratio
• Among genes associated with embryo/endosperm size, REDUCED EMBRYO genes, whose loss-of-function causes a phenotype opposite to ge, are revealed to regulate endosperm size upstream of GE
• To fully understand the embryo-endosperm size control, the genetic network of the related genes should be elucidated
• However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying embryo and endosperm development remains largely unknown, particularly in rice, the model cereal
• GE is expressed predominantly in the scutellar epithelium, the interface region between embryo and endosperm
• Mutation of GE resulted in a large embryo in the seed, which was caused by excessive expansion of scutellum cells
• Moreover, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AtCYP78A10, a GE homolog, also produced bigger seeds, implying a conserved role for the CYP78A subfamily of P450s in regulating seed development
• 2 showed that both can promote grain growth
• Variations in CYP78A13 coding region influence grain size and yield in rice.
• Grain size is one of the most important determinants of crop yield in cereals
• Here, we identified a dominant mutant, big grain2 (bg2-D) from our enhancer-trapping population
• Sequence search revealed that CYP78A13 has a paralogue Grain<U+2005>Length 3
• Detailed examination of the transgenic plants with chimaeric constructs suggested that variation in CYP78A13 coding region is responsible for the variation of grain yield
• Taken together, our results suggest that the variations in CYP78A13 in the indica varieties hold potential in rice breeding for application of grain yield improvement

• GE~CYP78A13, OsRHC1~LE~TT3.1~DGS1, Identification and Characterization of LARGE EMBRYO, a New Gene Controlling Embryo Size in Rice Oryza sativa L.., Three giant embryo mutants, including large embryo (le), giant embryo (ge) and super-giant embryo (ges), with variable embryo size were used in this study
• GE~CYP78A13, OsRHC1~LE~TT3.1~DGS1, Identification and Characterization of LARGE EMBRYO, a New Gene Controlling Embryo Size in Rice Oryza sativa L.., We investigated whether genes controlling embryo size in these mutants (le, ge and ges) were allelic to each other
• GE~CYP78A13, OsRHC1~LE~TT3.1~DGS1, Identification and Characterization of LARGE EMBRYO, a New Gene Controlling Embryo Size in Rice Oryza sativa L.., Although ge and ges was allelic to GIANT EMBRY (GE), le was not allelic to ge and ges in allelism test
• GE~CYP78A13, OsRHC1~LE~TT3.1~DGS1, Identification and Characterization of LARGE EMBRYO, a New Gene Controlling Embryo Size in Rice Oryza sativa L.., However, the GE gene of the le mutant did not carry any mutation, suggesting that the enlarged embryo phenotype of le was governed by another gene