DEP1,DN1,qPE9-1,OsDEP1

• Symbol: DEP1,DN1,qPE9-1,OsDEP1
• MSU: LOC_Os09g26999
• RAPdb: Os09g0441900

• Introgression of qPE9-1 allele, conferring the panicle erectness, leads to the decrease of grain yield per plant in japonica rice Oryza sativa L., 2011, J Genet Genomics.
• Identification and characterization of a major QTL responsible for erect panicle trait in japonica rice Oryza sativa L., 2007, Theor Appl Genet.
• Deletion in a quantitative trait gene qPE9-1 associated with panicle erectness improves plant architecture during rice domestication, 2009, Genetics.
• A loss-of-function mutation of rice DENSE PANICLE 1 causes semi-dwarfness and slightly increased number of spikelets, 2011, Breeding Science.
• Rice DEP1, encoding a highly cysteine-rich G protein gamma subunit, confers cadmium tolerance on yeast cells and plants, 2013, J Exp Bot.
• Natural variation at the DEP1 locus enhances grain yield in rice, 2009, Nat Genet.
• Genome-wide binding analysis of the transcription activator ideal plant architecture1 reveals a complex network regulating rice plant architecture, 2013, Plant Cell.
• The plant-specific G protein gamma subunit AGG3 influences organ size and shape in Arabidopsis thaliana, 2012, New Phytol.
• Variations in DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 1 DEP1 contribute to the diversity of the panicle trait in high-yielding japonica rice varieties in northern China., 2016, Breed Sci.
• The DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 1 DEP1 gene offering the potential in the breeding of high-yielding rice., 2016, Breed Sci.
• DEP1 is involved in regulating the carbon-nitrogen metabolic balance to affect grain yield and quality in rice Oriza sativa L.., 2019, PLoS One.
• Enhanced Expression of QTL qLL9/DEP1 Facilitates the Improvement of Leaf Morphology and Grain Yield in Rice., 2019, Int J Mol Sci.
• The Rice G Protein γ Subunit DEP1/qPE9-1 Positively Regulates Grain-Filling Process by Increasing Auxin and Cytokinin Content in Rice Grains., 2019, Rice (N Y).
• Heterotrimeric G protein γ subunit DEP1 is involved in hydrogen peroxide signaling and promotes aerenchyma formation in rice roots, 2021, Plant Signal Behav.

Genbank accession number

• The expression level of OsCKX2 in the shoot apex of Dn1-1 plants is similar to that in the wild type, indicating that OsCKX2 does not contribute to an increased number of spikelets
• DN1 is allelic to DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 1 (DEP1) (=qPE(9-1))
• Recently, qPE9-1 has been successfully cloned; however, the genetic effect on grain yield per plant of the erect panicle allele qPE9-1 is controversial yet
• The comparison of agronomic traits between the NILs showed that, when qpe9-1 was replaced by qPE9-1, the panicle architecture was changed from drooping to erect; moreover, the panicle length, plant height, 1000-grain weight and the tillers were significantly decreased, consequently resulting in the dramatic decrease of grain yield per plant by 30%
• Therefore, we concluded that the qPE9-1 was a major factor controlling panicle architecture, and qPE9-1 had pleiotropic nature, with negative effects on grain yield per plant
• Introgression of qPE9-1 allele, conferring the panicle erectness, leads to the decrease of grain yield per plant in japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.)
• The qPE9-1 gene has been proved to be widely used in high-yield rice cultivar developments, conferring erect panicle character in japonica rice
• In the present study, a drooping panicle parent Nongken 57, carrying qpe9-1 allele, was used as recurrent parent to successively backcross to a typical erect panicle line from the double haploid (DH) population (Wuyunjing 8/Nongken 57), which was previously shown to carry qPE9-1 allele
• This result strongly suggests that the erect panicle allele qPE9-1 should be used together with other favorable genes in the high-yield breeding practice
• A comparison of the Dn1-1 and Dn1-3 alleles suggests that the N-terminal region of DN1 contains a coiled-coil domain and a nuclear localization signal that might be responsible for semi-dwarfness
• A rice cDNA, OsDEP1, encoding a highly cysteine (Cys)-rich G protein gamma subunit, was initially identified as it conferred cadmium (Cd) tolerance on yeast cells
• Rice DEP1, encoding a highly cysteine-rich G protein gamma subunit, confers cadmium tolerance on yeast cells and plants
• Natural variation at the DEP1 locus enhances grain yield in rice
• In addition, the qPE9-1 locus regulates panicle and grain length, grain weight, and consequently grain yield
• Dn1-1 plants have normal sensitivity to gibberellin, brassinolide, and kinetin, and we observed no genetic epistasis with brassinolide-related mutants, suggesting that DN1 does not function in the signaling pathways of these phytohormones
• Here we report the map-based cloning of a major quantitative trait locus, qPE9-1, which plays an integral role in regulation of rice plant architecture including panicle erectness
• Phenotypic comparisons of a set of near-isogenic lines and transgenic lines reveal that the functional allele (qPE9-1) results in drooping panicles, and the loss-of-function mutation (qpe9-1) leads to more erect panicles
• We propose that the panicle erectness trait resulted from a natural random loss-of-function mutation for the qPE9-1 gene and has subsequently been the target of artificial selection during japonica rice breeding
• Deletion in a quantitative trait gene qPE9-1 associated with panicle erectness improves plant architecture during rice domestication
• In addition, we found that H90, the nearest marker to qPE9-1, used for genotyping 38 cultivars with extremely erect and drooping panicles, segregated in agreement with PC, suggesting the H90 product was possibly part of the qPE9-1 gene or closely related to it
• We show that the rice DENSE PANICLE 1 (DN1) mutant allele Dn1-1 causes both of these characteristics and that Dn1-1 is a loss-of-function mutation
• These data demonstrated that H90 could be used for marker-aided selection for the PE trait in breeding and in the cloning of qPE9-1
• In order to improve the genetic diversity of DEP1, we used a rice germplasm collection of 72 high yielding japonica rice varieties to analyze the contribution of DEP1 to the panicle traits
• The SNP (G/C) at the promoter region will contribute to the flexible application of DEP1 in rice breeding
• DEP1 is a G protein gamma subunit that is involved in the regulation of erect panicle, number of grains per panicle, nitrogen uptake, and stress-tolerance through the G protein signal pathway
• Here we review the development of erect panicle rice varieties, DEP1 alleles and regulatory network, and its physiological and morphological functions
• Additionally, the further increasing the yield potential of erect-panicle super-rice, and the development of molecular designing breeding for indica-japonica hybrid rice with the dep1 gene are also prospected
• The DEP1 (dense and erect panicle 1) gene, which corresponds to the erect panicle architecture, shows a pleiotropic effect in increasing grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in rice
• Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether the carbon-nitrogen metabolic balance changes as the dep1 allele enhances nitrogen uptake and assimilation
• DEP1 is involved in regulating the carbon-nitrogen metabolic balance to affect grain yield and quality in rice (Oriza sativa L.).
• In this study, we generated transgenic Akitakomati plants by overexpressing dep1 and analyzed the carbon-nitrogen metabolic status, gene expression profiles, and grain yield and quality
• These results indicated that DEP1 enhanced H2O2 biosynthesis and promoted the cell death of the root cortex, thus contributing to aerenchyma development in WYJ8(DEP1)
• However, it is unclear whether DEP1 regulates cell death for aerenchyma formation in rice roots

• DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, Gn1a~OsCKX2, A loss-of-function mutation of rice DENSE PANICLE 1 causes semi-dwarfness and slightly increased number of spikelets, The expression level of OsCKX2 in the shoot apex of Dn1-1 plants is similar to that in the wild type, indicating that OsCKX2 does not contribute to an increased number of spikelets
• DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, RGB1~OsRGB1, Rice G-protein subunits qPE9-1 and RGB1 play distinct roles in abscisic acid responses and drought adaptation., Rice G-protein subunits qPE9-1 and RGB1 play distinct roles in abscisic acid responses and drought adaptation.
• DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, RGB1~OsRGB1, Rice G-protein subunits qPE9-1 and RGB1 play distinct roles in abscisic acid responses and drought adaptation., Furthermore, the results suggested that qPE9-1 negatively regulates the ABA response by suppressing the expression of key transcription factors involved in ABA and stress responses, while RGB1 positively regulates ABA biosynthesis by upregulating NCED gene expression under both normal and drought stress conditions
• DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, RGB1~OsRGB1, Rice G-protein subunits qPE9-1 and RGB1 play distinct roles in abscisic acid responses and drought adaptation., Taken together, it is proposed that RGB1 is a positive regulator of the ABA response and drought adaption in rice plants, whereas qPE9-1 is modulated by RGB1 and functions as a negative regulator in the ABA-dependent drought-stress responses
• DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, RGG1, Function of heterotrimeric G-protein gamma subunit RGG1 in providing salinity stress tolerance in rice by elevating detoxification of ROS., In salinity-stressed RGG1 transgenic lines, the transcript levels of RGG2, RGB, RGA, DEP1, and GS3 also increased in addition to RGG1
• DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, GGC2, A G-protein pathway determines grain size in rice., Three Gγ proteins, DEP1, GGC2 and GS3, antagonistically regulate grain size
• DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, GGC2, A G-protein pathway determines grain size in rice., DEP1 and GGC2, individually or in combination, increase grain length when in complex with Gβ
• DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, OsLG3b~OsMADS1~LHS1~AFO, G-protein βγ subunits determine grain size through interaction with MADS-domain transcription factors in rice., The Gγ subunits GS3 and DEP1 interact directly with the conserved keratin-like domain of MADS transcription factors, function as cofactors to enhance OsMADS1 transcriptional activity and promote the co-operative transactivation of common target genes, thereby regulating grain size and shape
• DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, OsSPL18, OsSPL18 controls grain weight and grain number in rice., Quantitative expression analysis showed that DEP1, a major grain number regulator, was significantly down-regulated in OsSPL18 KO lines
• DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, OsSPL18, OsSPL18 controls grain weight and grain number in rice., Both yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase (LUC) assays showed that OsSPL18 could bind to the DEP1 promoter, suggesting that OsSPL18 regulates panicle development by positively regulating the expression of DEP1
• DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, OsAP2-39, Multiple areas investigation reveals the genes related to vascular bundles in rice., The double mutant for the DEP1 and AP2-like genes (OsAP2-39) showed decreased endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) level and insensitivity to exogenous ABA treatment, confirming that both DEP1 and OsAP2-39 are involved in the ABA response mechanism
• DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, OsSHI1, OsSHI1 Regulates Plant Architecture Through Modulating the Transcriptional Activity of IPA1 in Rice., Moreover, OsSHI1 could bind directly to the promoter regions of both OsTB1 and OsDEP1 through a novel cis-element (T/GCTCTAC motif)
• DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, OsSHI1, OsSHI1 Regulates Plant Architecture Through Modulating the Transcriptional Activity of IPA1 in Rice., Further, OsSHI1 represses the transcriptional activation activity of IPA1 by affecting its DNA binding activity towards the promoters of both OsTB1 and OsDEP1, resulting in increased tiller number and diminished panicle size
• DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, OsmiR535, The multiple roles of OsmiR535 in modulating plant height, panicle branching and grain shape., Through quantitative real-time PCR analyses, we further revealed that OsmiR535 overexpression repressed the expression of OsSPL7/12/16, as well as the OsSPLs downstream panicle related genes, including OsPIN1B, OsDEP1, OsLOG and OsSLR1
• DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, GF14b~OsGF14b, Rice G protein γ subunit qPE9-1 modulates root elongation for phosphorus uptake by involving 14-3-3 protein OsGF14b and plasma membrane H + -ATPase, Rice G protein γ subunit qPE9-1 modulates root elongation for phosphorus uptake by involving 14-3-3 protein OsGF14b and plasma membrane H + -ATPase
• DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, GF14b~OsGF14b, Rice G protein γ subunit qPE9-1 modulates root elongation for phosphorus uptake by involving 14-3-3 protein OsGF14b and plasma membrane H + -ATPase, Furthermore, OsGF14b, a 14-3-3 protein that acts as a key component in activating PM H+ -ATPase for root elongation, is also involved in the qPE9-1 mediation
• DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, GF14b~OsGF14b, Rice G protein γ subunit qPE9-1 modulates root elongation for phosphorus uptake by involving 14-3-3 protein OsGF14b and plasma membrane H + -ATPase, Moreover, the overexpression of OsGF14b in WYJ8 (carrying the qpe9-1 allele) partially increased primary root length under LP conditions
• DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, GF14b~OsGF14b, Rice G protein γ subunit qPE9-1 modulates root elongation for phosphorus uptake by involving 14-3-3 protein OsGF14b and plasma membrane H + -ATPase, These results suggest that the G protein γ subunit qPE9-1 in rice plants modulates root elongation for phosphorus uptake by involving the 14-3-3 protein OsGF14b and PM H+ -ATPase, which is required for rice P use
• DEP1~DN1~qPE9-1~OsDEP1, sh4~SHA1~SG5, Short grain 5 controls grain length in rice by regulating cell expansion., Moreover, the expression levels of BG1, GS2, and DEP1 were reduced in sg5 plants, and dual-luciferase (LUC) assays showed that SG5 can bind to the BG1 gene promoter